Vedic Mathematics is the name given to the ancient system of Indian Mathematics, rediscovered from the Vedas between 1911 and 1918 by Sri Bharati Krsna Tirthaji (1884-1960). According to his research, all of mathematics is based on Sixteen Sutras, or word-formulae. These formulae describe how the mind naturally works and help direct the student to the appropriate method of solution.
Sri Bharati Krsna wrote sixteen volumes expounding the Vedic system, but these were unaccountably lost. When the loss was confirmed in his final years, he wrote a single book: Vedic Mathematics, which is currently available. It was published in 1965, five years after his death.